Outsourcing and Globalization - 2072 Words

| Globalization and its Impacts | A Brief Look at Effects and Ramifications | | | 5/11/2010 | | I challenge you, the reader of this paper, to attend a party, church or school event, or any gathering of adults, and not hear about someone’s job being outsourced. I also dare the reader to remember a time when there was not an abundance of affordable products in the marketplace and wax romantic over spending over a thousand dollars for a cell phone in the age of buy-one-get-one free. Well, this paper is all about that. I am going to skim the surface of the global economy and its impact on American industry and workers. Such a meaty topic cannot be covered in so short a forum, so my intent is to provide a high level†¦show more content†¦Looking at the GDP chart in the previous section, and you see the economies of Japan and China have become world powerhouses. This growth has produced wealth and development in these countries. Images of Chinese streets filled with bicycles and pedestrians have been replaced with those of bustling, building and growing cities. Because there is so much manufacturing going on in these countries, the cash flow has started to reach the smaller cities and towns. Among the improvements to these once isolated farm villages are electricity is being brought in, water supplies and schools are being built. More and more Chinese and Indian nationalists are purchasing automobiles further expanding their connectivity to each other, thus increasing the demand for more production. Developed nations that can follow trends and adapt to the changing economy are benefitting as well. The medical and pharmaceutical industries have grown significantly with the expansion of workers internationally. According to Medical Marketing and Media, an industry trade journal and website, Pfizer has relied in international sales to buoy slumping domestic sales at the onset of the American recession in 2008. â€Å"Lipitor revenues were down 1% to $3.1 billion for the quarter as a 16% increase in international sales compensated for a 13% drop in US sales. Lyrica revenues shot up 45% to $675 million, withShow MoreRelatedGlobalization and Outsourcing6341 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction Its been said that arguing against globalization (and many of the issues related to globalization) is like arguing against the laws of gravity. This statement comes from Kofi Annan, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 and also became the seventh secretary general of the United States (The Nobel Foundation, 2001). The quote introduces, in its broadest sense, the issue discussed in this paper. While the general idea of globalization is not our primary focus in this report, one ofRead MoreGlobalization and Outsourcing Can be Beneficial Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pages For decades, American citizens have been complaining about how outsourcing has ruined their lives and that it is only going to harm America and its economy. Unfortunately, jobs are going to be lost and the unemployment rate may rise due to globalization. However, the benefits of globalization are infinite. People in other parts of the world will achieve a greater life than they ever thought possible due to the facto ries built in their countries. Due to the poverty in third world countries, theseRead MoreOutsourcing Of Aviation Maintenance Practices And The Effects Of Globalization1352 Words   |  6 Pages Outsourcing of Aviation Maintenance Practices and the Effects of Globalization Matthew Wilkerson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide May 16, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Within the aviation industry outsourced maintenance practices have become increasingly more prevalent to maintain current assets. There is generally three processes currently being utilized by the airline industry: outsourcing specific maintenance needs, in-house operations, and lastly, a hybrid approach, which entails a combinationRead MoreGlobalization: Outsourcing and Offshoring Software Creation Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesemployment, income distribution and economic growth? Is the outsourcing of services a different phenomenon than simply importing steel? Economic theory and past history point to the fact the trade provides net economic gains but if it also redistributes wealth, affects worker employment the short run and wages in the long run. It is easy to find literature that tells of the growth of the American economy with the increased use of outsourcing. It is however a different story when one asks the questionRead MoreOutsourcing, The Key to Globalization Essay examples995 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of outsourcing in the Unied States goes back to 80s. But it was in the 90s that really companies began to use it more and more and they found out that this is something that really works for them. Outsourcing is defined as the practice of subcontracting manufacturing work to outside and especially foreign or nonunion companies. This concept became very widely used in practice today in the United States. Firms such as IBM, Sprint, ATT, Dell Hewlett Packard, and Novell are someRead MoreGlobalization : A Benefit For Americ a1343 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization: A Benefit to America Globalization. What is it exactly? And why is there so much debate and controversy surrounding it? This topic has sparked protests all over the world. Like with many other topics, some support globalization and what it has accomplished. Others have hatred and believe it should not exist. Why do some people believe that globalization is an essential process and helps the economy immensely, while others see it as the root of pure evil and destruction? The answerRead MoreThomas Friedm The World Is Flat1021 Words   |  5 PagesFlat† by Thomas Friedman. The video starts with Thomas Friedman, a veteran award winning American journalist, speaking of his visit to Bangalore in India to work on a documentary based on outsourcing, and how his meeting with the then CEO of Infosys influenced him in writing his book where he analyzes globalization and lists out the various factors that led to a â€Å"flat† world. Mr. Friedman then continues and briefly summarizes the first three chapters of his book and how he derived them. The World isRead MoreThe Main Goals Of Free Trade Agreements1186 Words   |  5 Pages One of the main goals of free trade agreements is globalization. Globalization, or global free trade, is the creation of trading connections between countries throughout the world (Globalization). Globalization stresses free trade. Free trade is when tariffs are reduced or eliminated on exports or imports. Tariff tax percentages added to US imported goods have dropped dramatically from about 60% in the 1930s, to lower than 10% in 2005 (International). With less money taxed on products, corporationsRead MoreOther Side of Outsourcing  by: Thomas Friedman738 Words   |  3 PagesASSIGNMENT 2 â€Å"Other side of outsourcing† by: Thomas Friedman The impact outsourcing had to United States was for some Americans bad. They claim the jobs they loose and the disadvantages that Americans were facing due to this radical change. While in the United States some people were disgusted, in the other side of the world, the young people were very thankful. This change made a revolution on their culture; the new Indian generations were entering to a whole new world, making a big change betweenRead MoreThomas Friedman’s The World is Flat Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesWorld History In Thomas Friedman’s The World Is Flat he presents his idea of the globalization of the world in all areas; from economic to communication with other countries. Friedman is a journalist from the New York Times and most of his work focuses on economic and technological innovations and advancements, and furthermore how they are associated to history. The ideas he presents in this book are both plausible and convincing. The main focus is whether the world is â€Å"flatâ€Å". The answer to

A Brief Biography of Samuel Barclay Beckett Essays

Samuel Barclay Beckett was an Irish avant-garde novelist (a person who introduces new and experimental ideas and methods in art, music, or literature.), playwright, theatre director, and poet. Best known for his play GoDot he is sometimes considered the last of the Modernists as well as the father of the Postmodernist movement due to the influence his work had on many writers. Samuel Beckett was born on Good Friday, April 13, 1906, near Dublin, Ireland. He was the younger of the two sons born to William Frank Beckett, a quantity surveyor, and May Barclay who was a nurse. He was raised in a middle class home with a protestant background and at the age of five he attended a local playschool. Not long after he moved to Portora Royal School†¦show more content†¦Beckett’s later work had clearly been influenced from what he heard at his stay in Tavistock, his work ‘All that fall’ ends nearly identically to Dr Jung’s lecture. During the following years of his life, Beckett won first place for his poem â€Å"Whoroscope† winning  £10, and published his first and second novels; More pricks than Kicks and Murphy. He then travelled through Europe again. During his travels he visited Germany he documenting through many notebooks, the rise of the Nazi party and the disgust he felt towards the regime that was taking control of the country. He returned to Ireland in 1937 but had a major disagreement with his mother, the argument contributed massively to him leaving Ireland and settling permanently in Paris. Placing himself in the left bank of Paris, Beckett familiarised himself with many locals and artist and frequently conversed with old friend James Joyce. He also became hospitalized in 1938 after an incident where he was stabbed in the chest, coming very close to death in the street. He had been approached by a renowned pimp asking him for money. Suzanne Dà ©chevaux-Dumesnil, the women that would later become his wife, visited him whilst he was in hospital. Once recovered from hospital he visited the pimp that stabbed him and Beckett asked him what the motive behind the attack was. The pimp replied â€Å"Je ne sais pas, Monsieur†, â€Å"I do not know, sir. I’m sorry†. Beckett dropped the

What does it mean to be German Free Essays

German, because they feel guilty for the history Of Germany and do not want do be classified as a national socialist, but they should dare to say that, because the time changed and Germany became one of the worlds most important and known countries and not known for fascistic ideologies or cruelties, but rather for their economy or their politic, not to forget they many different cultural aspects. Let me begin with a general definition of what it means to be German. I think nearly everybody would agree to the fact, that a person who owns the German nationality and lives inside the boundaries of Germany is a German in general, but obviously this is just a rough description of a German citizen. We will write a custom essay sample on What does it mean to be German or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my opinion every person has to define his or her own definition of what does it mean for him or her to be German, but I will start to create my own one. Many various significant German personalities reached a high prestige in certain sections of Germany’s culture. To name some of these, I can name Albrecht Dourer as one of the greatest painters of Germans history, or the great literati Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Frederica Schaller. Even if you should not adorn yourself with borrowed plumes you can be at least proud for these persons who were Germans. Politics and culture influenced the identity of the Germans and their sense of human being, but that does not mean that every person is defined by the times actual standing of these factors. The question for me is what makes me personally proud to be a German citizen? Is it the German language? No question, that German is one of the hardest languages on the earth and this makes me proud to speak this language fluently, but it is not my favorite one in point of the sound. Usage like Greek, English, or Italian are my favorite ones in this point of criticism. Is it the kind of governmental system which makes me proud to life here? For sure democracy is the kind of governmental system, many various countries aspiring for and that why this is one Of my mature reasons am proud to live here. Other countries have to contend with cruel dictatorships or prevalent health dise ases, but Germany does not have these problems, which makes me proud as well. Is it the culture which makes me feel proud to life in Germany? The capacity of great prestigious German prominences is nearly unlimited. From Conrad Deadener to Conrad Use, every political, cultural or scientifically section was enriched by important German personalities. These idols make me feel a kind of patriotic. However the main actual reason I am glad to live here is the status of Germany in the eyes of the other countries of the world. Many countries actually orientating their selves towards the federal republic of Germany, which makes me love my country even more. Nevertheless Germany is not perfect. I am not talking about satirical facts, because many people had done this before, but actual problems like the debts of the state are not the most worthwhile fact I can be glad of my home country. On the other hand these debts are not the biggest in comparison to other countries, but in fact that debts are not worthwhile in general this is a negative fact against Germany. To come to a very important point, which should not be forgotten is that Germany is actually one of the most peacefully countries on the earth. Considering to this, Germany made a big development since 1 940, which make me look in the future expectantly. How to cite What does it mean to be German, Papers

Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge free essay sample

First of all, let me say that I was never a huge fan of My Chemical Romance. Most of their fans are young and worship them like the high-school heartbreakers they are. Ive even seen MCR live when opening for random acts, and they never hooked me. That said, imagine my astonishment when I actually enjoyed a few songs on their newest album, â€Å"Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge.† The album begins with the incredibly hooky â€Å"Helena.† The lead singer has obviously gotten some voice training since the last album and overall, the band has greatly improved its production. However, by the refrain to â€Å"Give Em Hell, Kid† (which, by the way, has some very nice drum sequences), I feel like it was written for sing-alongs at a live show. Ugh. And then, the album keeps going. And going, and going, and going. It keeps up with this Hot-Topic-esque, slightly dark formula of being obviously well-produced, but lets face it, kids, each song is difficult to differentiate from the next, and that gets tiresome. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The best thing â€Å"Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge† has going for it is the summery-type flavor in the first few songs until you actually listen to what theyre singing, and then it becomes shallow, overproduced, and unoriginal, yet fun in a disposable, commercial way. The easy-to-sing choruses are fun until it becomes painfully obvious that there is simply no end! Dont rush out to buy this one.

Sculptures Of David Essays - Books Of Samuel, David, Donatello

Sculptures Of David From 1430 to 1623A.D., four sculptures of the Biblical David were created. From the master artists Bernini, Donatello, Michelangelo, and Verrocchio came the most famous David's of the world. Even though infinitely many were made, these surpass the others to become marvels that will live forever. The earliest of the David's, is the work of Donatello(c.1430). This magnificent work is a life-size, nude, bronze, figure of David. The sculpture is portraying the scene after David has cut off the head of Goliath. His foot is raised on the severed head in a stance of contropposto. His sword is in the right hand with the stone in the left. This very smooth and natural looking sculpture was originally part of Medici courtyard and is the only David of the four created for a private collection. There are a few symbolic ingredients to this David. The style of the figure refers to antiquity for the balance and composition of the nude. Energy in the sculpture animates the emotions and is a new technique used in this David, once again showing qualities from antiquity. This energy is not used in the other figures. In addition, Donatello's David is said to host homosexual overtones, in the feministic appearance of the body and the stance. Overall, this version of the biblical hero is elegantly designed and the originality is fascinating. Verrocchio's David (c.1473-75A.D.) greatly differs from those of the other artists'. This statue was commissioned by the Medici family, like that of Donatello's. However, it was created for public display. It was in the Palazzo Vecchio, where it gained almost a republican or city-related meaning similar to the reputation that the David of Donatello gained, after it was also moved to the same site. The similarity stops here. The proudness shows that the hero was well capable of slaying the giant where Donatello's shows almost no emotion. The explicitness of the emotion contrasts greatly with the sensualness of Donatello's. Verrocchio's is fully clothed in elegant armor when Michelangelo's and as well as Donatello's were vulnerable in their nudity. In Verrocchio's sculpture, David carries a small sword in one hand and his other is on his hip confidently. This figure shows a nice S-curve and a stance of contropposto. Standing above the head of the giant, the sculpture takes place after the slaying of Goliath. The facial expression show triumph and most of all confidence. Therefore, this work shows psychological implications. However, it was meant to be more appreciated for its exceptional bronze sheen. The gigantic David by Michelangelo (c.1501-04A.D.) is an unquestionable masterpiece. It was originally commissioned as a decoration for the Florence Cathedral. Since the sculpture was so majestic, it was decided to be displayed in a closer, more visible area. It was finally moved in front of Piazza della Signoria, where it would replace a sculpture of Donatello's. This David is a full nude that shows David before battle. The face is in profile; he has a slingshot in the left hand and a stone in the right. The face shows extreme emotion which pulls it away from the classical genre. The design and stance of the figure has a confidence and arrogance that matched that of its creator, Michelangelo. This version of the hero was looked to as a potent symbol in Florence, resembling the Biblical beliefs along with the fusion of civic beliefs. This is very unlike the symbolism of Donatello's. The nudity symbolizes that David's platonic love and belief in God protected him. Michelangelo's David is an incredible representation of both the Bible story, in that it closely follows the scripture, and reason, in the references to Greek philosophy. Thus also symbolizing that reason and faith (Christianity) can coexist. Finally, Bernini's David (c.1623A.D.) conquers all in the expression of emotion. This public sculpture has a face full of determination and struggling. The exaggerated S-curve of the figure shows movement as David is throwing the stone. None of the other three sculptures give insight during the battle with the giant. Also, Bernini's David is clothed in a tunic and is carrying a pouch of some sort. He's holding the rock and slingshot as in action while his feet are firmly planted in the ground. This is certainly the most dramatic and realistic portrayal of David. Bernini's objective was not like the other artists of the David's. His objective was drama. The symbolism is that of moments in his lifetime. An example of this would be the harp at his feet, depicting his abandonment of his music when he went

Taking The SAT In 7th Grade Should You Do It

Taking The SAT In 7th Grade Should You Do It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Imagine: you’re in Social Studies. You hear a fellow 7th-grader sitting next to you say â€Å"Ugh, I have to take the SAT this weekend.† What is this person talking about? Why would you take the SAT in middle school? Is there even such a thing as a 7th grade SAT score? If you're a parent, you may have heard of various advanced programs for gifted and talented children that require taking the SAT. But is it worth it to have your child take the SAT so early? Why start the stress around college applications earlier than high school? In this article, I’ll go over the pros and cons of taking the SAT in 7th grade and the programs you can get into with high 7th grade SAT scores.

Business Organistions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Organistions - Essay Example At the end of the day, the savings that comes from establishing good leadership skills could result to increasing revenue generation on the part of the company. In general, there is simply no ground or rules behind choosing the best leadership style. To become an effective leader, a manager should be able to search for the type of leadership approach that works best for them. Often times, choosing the best leadership style depends on the manager’s personality, working environment and the members of the team. To avoid wasting time, money, and effort associated with the need to go through the consequences of mismanagement, this study will discuss and elaborate the different leadership techniques used in today’s business organization. In the process of discussing each type of leadership approach, situational examples will be provided to give the readers a better understanding of each leadership techniques that will be discussed in the study. Transformational leadership style is unique in the sense that this approach has four components known as: (1) charisma or idealized influence; (2) inspirational motivation; (3) intellectual stimulation; (4) and individual consideration. (Bass, 1998; Bass et al., 1996; Bass, 1985) Personal charisma is a significant characteristic of a good leader since it is a form of referrent power which could enable a manager to effectively attract his/her subordinates to seriously cooperate with the leader in order to make the organizational goal attainable. (Palmer et al., 2001; Posakoff & Schriesheim, 1985) Considering that transformational leaders are intellectually inclined, this type of leaders tend to go beyond what is happening around his environment since they have the ability to implement new ideas whenever necessary (Johannsen, 2004) aside from being flexible with organizational changes that may

Human growth and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human growth and development - Essay Example Severe stress usually happen when the job is lost whereby the individual is situated with a family relationship or when an individual has to take another job which he or she perceives to be below his or her dignity and competence. Many resort to alcohol as coping mechanism while a number suffer depression. Another common stressor is strained relationships which drives many people to depression and to some point, even suicide. This usually involves divorce in the case of middle age adults and romantic break ups in the case of early adults. This is more stressful with middle aged adults because the stakes are higher such as consideration of the children, division of assets, alimony etch. Stressed early and middle adult typically resort to indulging in anti depressant substance such as alcohol or pills (valium etch.) to forget their problems. And to some extent, many seek professional help to enable them to cope with the

The Difference Between What is Known and What is Believed Essay

The Difference Between What is Known and What is Believed - Essay Example For one, it occurs logical to acknowledge the truth that she loves me because I am her daughter, her offspring above all. We cannot deny the biological fact that we are related by blood and we share certain traits by genetic transfer so that this evidence altogether constitutes a scientific basis for the natural loving bond between us. Moreover, I should recognize that my mother truly loves me because she had religiously managed serious domestic efforts all through my childhood days. That includes the typical obligation which every other good mother fulfills such as providing for me a safe and comfortable shelter, cooking and cleaning for the household which I am a regular member of, preparing my needs for school, and attending to me diligently for relief from sickness. Besides all this knowledge, I can further attest to the belief that my mother loves me as I constantly sense her affectionate concern. With my mother’s demonstration of concern comes the presence of warmth whic h is something that I could not readily observe as present and spontaneous from my experience of other people’s help approach. ... ter how excruciating, nevertheless, she had endured pains of labor and delivery not only to allow me to live but even to sustain my living in a considerable span of time so that it convinces me to perceive her natural motherly inclination as an utmost manifestation of a more profound level of desire, which is love. As another empirical evidence, I notice that while others exhibit their concern by spending time with me in difficult situations, they often do so yet merely to some extent unlike my mother who would stay and never leave my side until my troubles are all over. Not only does my mother go with me an extra mile, she is sensible enough to feel my specific needs even if they are indirectly conveyed to her understanding. Upon thorough examination of the aforementioned evidences by reason of logic and perception out of experience, I still maintain the claim that knowledge of the material world must hold according to physical evidence. However, love is immaterial though we have ge nerally accepted its truth and this appears to be an exception because the reasons that speak of love cannot help being enhanced and supported by a number of experiences beyond thought. Apparently, these empirical accounts seem to be in harmony with logic where logic alone bears no more capacity of proving how love may be viewed in a material context. I am but a human being who is normally accustomed to associating read or spoken ideas to tangible images of things in order to gain knowledge of the world in which case, it is inevitable to make use of our senses. By seeing, hearing, smelling, or touching concrete objects in repeated patterns over time, we are able to figure what exists and identify it based on color, shape, size, and other essential characteristics. It is part of our nature

Surface Water And Groundwater

Surface Water And Groundwater The hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water above, on, and below the surface of the earth. The water on the Earths surface surface water occurs as streams, lakes, rivers as well as bays and wetlands. The water below the surface of the Earth primarily is ground water, but it also includes soil water (Sphocleous, 2000). Interactions between groundwater and surface water play a critical role in the functioning of riparian ecosystems. These interactions can have significant implications for both water quantity and quality. Identifying potential exchange of water between the aquifer and stream channel has therefore been investigated by many researchers using a variety of methods (USGS Ground Water Information, 2008). Assessing groundwater-surface water interactions is often complex and difficult. There are many factors which influence groundwater-surface water interactions such as river bed characteristics, geology, geomorphology and climate. In general a number of methods have been used to ascertain the nature of groundwater surface water interactions across different catchments. These methods include several tracers used to identify the exchange of surface and groundwater, such as heat, ion chemistry, isotopes and viruses. Potential surface aquifer interactions have also been quantified using remote sensing and models (USGS, 2008; Kalbus et al, 2006). The purpose of this essay is to review the various techniques used to determine groundwater and surface water interactions and their importance whilst encompassing significant case studies from around the world and within Australia. Discussion Surface water and groundwater (GW-SW) have long been considered separate entities, and have been investigated individually. Although chemical, biological and physical properties of surface water and groundwater are indeed different, they are not isolated components of the hydrologic system, but instead interact in a variety of physiographic and climatic landscapes. Therefore development or contamination of one commonly affects the other (Kalbus et al, 2006). To understand GW-SW interactions, it is necessary to understand the effects of the hydrogeological environment on GW flow systems, that is the effects of topography, geology, and climate as these factors are the major influences on the type of techniques use to determine GW-SW interactions (see figures 1, 2 3) (USGS, 2008). Figure 1. Groundwater seepage into surface water Figure 2. Subaqueous springs resulting from ground water flow through highly permeable sediments (USGS, 2008) (USGS, 2008) Figure 3. Ground-water flow paths vary greatly in length, depth and travel time from points of recharge to points of discharge in the ground-water system (USGS, 2008) Many studies of GW-SW interactions involve the use of more than one technique in attempting to determine nature of exchanges. Environmental tracers are naturally occurring dissolved constituents, or physical properties of water that can be used to track water movement through water sheds. Often tracers such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), conservative and non-conservative ions, stable and radio-isotopes can be coupled with piezometric monitoring and computer modelling to aid in determining the movement and character of GW or SW (Hohener et al, 2003). CFCs are synthetic halogenated volatile organic compounds that have been manufactured since 1930 and can be detected analytically in water in small concentrations. Previous review articles have occasionally summarised the use of CFCs as tracers for dating pristine groundwater as a failure due to local CFC contamination in excess of the equilibrium with modern air. However, CFCs do provide hydrogeological tracers and dating tools for young groundwater on a time-scale of 50 years (Hohener et al, 2003). Since the mid 1970s, CFCs have been used routinely by hydrologists and various disciplines, for dating and tracing water masses. Using gas chromatographs and electron capture detectors, analytical methods for CFCs in water with detection limits for some particular CFCs, have been developed. Generally, the presence of detectable concentrations of CFCs in groundwater indicates recharge after the late 1940s, or mixing of older water with younger water. Groundwater samples with CFC concentrations between the analytical detection limit and the equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations at recharge temperature can potentially be used for age-dating. The use of CFCs dating techniques allows hydrologists and scientists alike to determine groundwater recharge and mixing aiding in detecting GW-SW interactions (Hohener et al, 2003; Schilling et al, 2010). Researchers utilize a wide variety of conservative and non-conservative tracers for hydrological studies. In addition, stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, which are part of the water molecule, are used to determine the mixing of waters from different sources (USGS, 2008; Rodgers et al, 2004). This is successful because of the differences in the isotopic composition of precipitation among recharge areas, the changes in the isotoic composition of shallow subsurface water caused by evaporation and temporal variability in the isotopic composition of precipitation relative to groundwater. For example, 87Sr/86Sr ratios can be used to distinguish between groundwater discharge and surface mixing. Strontium isotopes used in combination with more conventional tracers such as deuterium and 18O have helped to establish the sources of differing groundwater types entering lakes (Rodgers et al, 2004). Radioactive isotopes are useful indicators for the amount of time that water has spent in the groundwater system. Deuterium and 18O have been used together with both radioactive tracers (3H/3He) and other non-conventional tracers like rare earth elements (REEs) to determine groundwater inflow and outflow from large lakes such as East African Rift Valley lakes (Ojiambo et al., in review). Lyons et al. (1998) also have used sources of both radioactive (36Cl) and non-radioactive (37Cl) tracers to ascertain sources of solutes for Antarctic lake systems (Lyons et al, 1998). Another useful indicator is 222Radon which is a chemically inert radioactive gas that has a half-life of only 3-4 days. It is produced naturally in groundwater as a product of the radioactive decay of 226radium in uranium-bearing rocks and sediments (Lyons et al, 1998). Several studies have documented that radon can be used to identify locations of significant groundwater input into a stream, such as from springs. In France a study was conducted where radon was used to determine stream-water loss to groundwater as a result of ground-water withdrawals (USGS, 2008). As shown in figure 4, sharp changes in chemical concentrations were detected over short distances as water from the Lot River in France moved into its contiguous alluvial aquifer in response to pumping from a well. An environmental tracer was used to determine the extent of mixing of surface water with ground water, and radon was used to determine the inflow rate of stream water. Then the rate at which dissolved metals reacted to form solid phase during movement of stream water toward the pumping well could be calculated (USGS, 2008). Conservative and non-conservative ions as tracers can also be used to parameterize groundwater models as well as to calculate the age and recharge location of ground waters. This can be done by directly introducing 3H in a groundwater system to determine groundwater flow paths which assists in the model parameterization coupled with the use of deuterium, 18O, 3H/3He ratios, and the recently developed 4He in-growth technique to guide parameterization of a groundwater model of a regional aquifer (Sophocleous, 2000). Familiarity with the use and limitations of numerous conservative and non-conservative tracers to ground water and surface water environments is an important component with potential applications of these techniques, GW-SW interactions can be inferred (Sphocleous, 2000; Schilling et al, 2010). In Australia, the transport of saline groundwater from local and regional aquifers to the lower River Murray is thought to be influenced by lagoons and wetlands present in adjacent floodplains. In the study by Banks et al, (2009), interactions between a saline lagoon and semi-confined aquifer at a floodplain on the River Murray were studied using hydrogeological techniques and environmental tracers (Cl-, ÃŽÂ ´2H and ÃŽÂ ´18O) (Banks et al, 2009). The results showed using piezometric surface monitoring that the lagoon acted as a flow-through system intercepting local and regional groundwater flow. The mass balance was determined using chloride, and showed that approximately 70% of the lagoons winter volume was lost due to evaporation. Next a stable isotope mass balance was used to estimate leakage from the lagoon to the underlying aquifer. This showed that approximately 0-38% of the total groundwater inflow into the lagoon was lost to leakage, as opposed to 62-100% groundwater inflow which was lost to evaporation (Banks et al, 2009). Through the use of piezometric surface monitoring and tracers, Banks et al, (2009), were able to determine GW-SW interactions. This allowed them to conclude that the floodplain wetland behaved as groundwater flow-through systems, intercepting groundwater discharge, concentrating it and eventually recharging more saline water to the floodplain aquifer. Being able to trace, determine and understand GW-SW interactions such as those presented here, ultimately benefits effective management of salinity in Australia (Banks et al, 2005). Further studies of the Murray River and the Murray Basin have concluded that salinity could also be contributed to by flow regulation and water diversion for irrigation as this could considerably impact the exchange of surface water between the Murray River and its floodplains (Allison et al, 1990; Lamontage et al, 2005). Through use of piezometric surface monitoring and environmental tracers (Cl-, ÃŽÂ ´2H and ÃŽÂ ´18O), Lamontagne et al, was able to conclude that Murray River was losing under low flow conditions. Environmental tracer data suggested that the origin of groundwater is principally bank recharge in the riparian zone and a combination of diffuse rainfall recharge elsewhere on the flood plain. This information was critical in deciphering that bank discharge occurred during some flood recession periods and understanding that the way in which the water table responded to changes in river level was a function of the type of stream bank present (Lamontage et al, 2005). In the Western Murray basin, the clearing of native vegetation in a semi-arid region of southern Australia is thought to have lead to increases in Groundwater recharge. Unsaturated zone chloride and matric suction profile estimates suggest there is a significant time delay in aquifer response to pre and post clearing recharge (Allison et al, 1990). Predictions of the time delay lag in aquifer response have been verified using bore hydrographs. The results show that in some areas of light soil and shallow water table the water is now rising, however in other areas of heavy soil the water is not yet beginning to rise. The effects of increased recharge on the salinity of the River Murray, a major water resource, have been predicted that the salinity of the river will increase about 1Â µS cm -1 year -1 over the next 50 years. These results show the crucial role hydrological analysis and environmental tracers play in major resource management throughout Australia and potentially the worl d (Allison et al, 1990). Conclusion Groundwater and Surface water are not isolated components of the hydrological system and therefore should not be studied or managed as such. There are many factors which influence and control both GW and SW flow paths and interactions within the hydrological cycle. Through use of monitoring systems, modelling, and environmental tracers a better understanding of the complex interactions between GW-SW can be gained. Although further study is needed and techniques can be improved upon, it is through a better understand of the hydrological cycle and its complex interactions that more appropriate management plans can be made to ensure the resource is available to all in the future.

Causes of the Great Depression Essay -- Papers History Wall Street Cra

Causes of the Great Depression The Great Depression also called Depression of 1929, or Slump of 1929, began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized world. Though the United States economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of the stock market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929 call the Stock Market Crash of 1929. During the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until by late 1932 the had dropped 20 percent of their value in 1929 (http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,38610+1,00.html). More than a half-century after the fact, there is no consensus on that caused the Great Depression. The one thing that is really known about the Great Depression is that it had many under lying causes (McElvaine 26). Speculation in the 1920's caused many people to buy stocks with loaned money and the used these stocks as collateral for buying more stocks. Broker's loans went under $5 million in mid 1928 to $850 million in September of 1929. The stock market boom was very unsteady, because it was based on borrowed money and false optimism. When investors lost confidence, the stock market collapsed, taking them along with it (http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/depression/causes.html). It seemed to good to be true, and it was. The margin of leverage when prices were rising would act in reverse if prices fell. All of the margin buyers would be wiped out quickly. The whole market in 1929 compounded the leverage idea as "investment trust" proliferated. The investment trust existed for the sole purpose of owing stock.... ...lack Tuesday an unprecedented 16.4 million shares changed hands. Stocks fell so much, that at many times during the day no buyers were available at any price (McElvaine 48). This speculation and the resulting stock market crashes acted as a trigger to the already unstable U.S. economy. Due to the misdistribution of wealth, the economy of the 1920's was one very much dependent upon confidence. The market crashes undermined this confidence. The rich stopped spending on luxury items, and slowed investments. The middle-class and poor stopped buying things with installment credit for fear of loosing their jobs, and not being able to pay the interest. As a result industrial production fell by more than 9% between the market crashes in October and December 1929 (McElvaine 48.) Bibliography: McElvaine, Robert S. The Great Depression. New York: Times, 1984. Causes of the Great Depression Essay -- Papers History Wall Street Cra Causes of the Great Depression The Great Depression also called Depression of 1929, or Slump of 1929, began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized world. Though the United States economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of the stock market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929 call the Stock Market Crash of 1929. During the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until by late 1932 the had dropped 20 percent of their value in 1929 (http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,38610+1,00.html). More than a half-century after the fact, there is no consensus on that caused the Great Depression. The one thing that is really known about the Great Depression is that it had many under lying causes (McElvaine 26). Speculation in the 1920's caused many people to buy stocks with loaned money and the used these stocks as collateral for buying more stocks. Broker's loans went under $5 million in mid 1928 to $850 million in September of 1929. The stock market boom was very unsteady, because it was based on borrowed money and false optimism. When investors lost confidence, the stock market collapsed, taking them along with it (http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/depression/causes.html). It seemed to good to be true, and it was. The margin of leverage when prices were rising would act in reverse if prices fell. All of the margin buyers would be wiped out quickly. The whole market in 1929 compounded the leverage idea as "investment trust" proliferated. The investment trust existed for the sole purpose of owing stock.... ...lack Tuesday an unprecedented 16.4 million shares changed hands. Stocks fell so much, that at many times during the day no buyers were available at any price (McElvaine 48). This speculation and the resulting stock market crashes acted as a trigger to the already unstable U.S. economy. Due to the misdistribution of wealth, the economy of the 1920's was one very much dependent upon confidence. The market crashes undermined this confidence. The rich stopped spending on luxury items, and slowed investments. The middle-class and poor stopped buying things with installment credit for fear of loosing their jobs, and not being able to pay the interest. As a result industrial production fell by more than 9% between the market crashes in October and December 1929 (McElvaine 48.) Bibliography: McElvaine, Robert S. The Great Depression. New York: Times, 1984.

Ketcham

At the opening of his essay â€Å"A Rational for Civic Education.†Ã‚   Ralph Ketcham cites America’s forefather Thomas Jefferson who noted that to understand their rights, to maintain them, and to exercise with intelligence their parts in self-government (Ketcham 145).   Jefferson understood the great travails that people had to undertake in order to become free. He truly felt that each person to come had a civic duty to preserve this great freedom.   I am in complete agreement with Ketcham that civic education is important, but it is a harder task to accomplish than one might think.   This attitude is embodied by many adults today, but it is harder and harder to make younger people understand its relevance.Unfortunately, over the centuries, people have forgotten the original concept of freedom as a privilege and see themselves as entitled to all the rights they can claim.   How many court cases have involved some sort of rights violation, as if everybody had a right to have everything he wanted? Civic education is important for people to learn to give back to the country what the country has given to them. Instead of the country owing them, they owe the country, which was poignantly noted in John F. Kennedy’s famous words â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.†   Decades after Jefferson’s speech, President Truman sadly noted that college graduates often fell short of the human wholeness and civic conscience which the cooperative activities of citizenship require† (Ketcham 146).Basically, Ketcham argues that this trend occurred as colleges and secondary schools began to see more and more diversity in their populations of students and faculty members and higher degrees of specialization in the teachers.   Because of all this difference, the general â€Å"one-size-fits-all† course of Civics became many course offerings at the college level to suit diverse in terests and to, perhaps, not offend one of the many subsets of citizens in the process (146-147).Civics in many high schools is taught to students as young as fourteen and fifteen years old; these individuals are too young to drive a car, vote in an election, or even to conceptualize their roles as a citizen, let alone practice civic responsibility and self-government.In his essay, Ketcham spends a lot of time discussing the mass accumulation of data that political and social science now demands and concludes that its intended purpose is political agenda, not self-governing.   Fact seeking is a safe activity, and most educated individuals know that statistics can be made to say whatever a person wants, or needs, them to say.However, another plausible explanation is that individuals are no longer learning how to serve government, but instead they are learning how to avoid serving, how to find miniscule violations of supposed rights, to keep from having to do anything they donâ€⠄¢t want to do.   It seems that many of these courses don’t teach citizenship, but teach how to avoid it.   The operate on the idea that â€Å"your rights are violated if†¦Ã¢â‚¬  rather than â€Å"for your rights, you should do this†¦.†Ketcham acknowledges that teaching the public to serve the government is difficult because of differing opinions on what â€Å"right† is.   The natural law may still be intact, but the different religions and cultures that make up the United States can make agreement difficult.   Add to that the inclination for human beings to be selfish and self-serving and the process is muddied further (148-149).Ketcham cited Reinhold Nieuhr who says that â€Å"man’s capacity for justice makes democracy possible; but man’s inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary† (151).   While some people do take civic-minded responsibility very seriously, many others do not.   It seems that Ketcham does not really trust people to undertake their civic roles independently and that he is probably correct in his hesitation.Basically, Ketcham is arguing that individuals, left to their own devices, will not automatically mold into self-governing entities.   The problem is that he doesn’t really explain how a civic education will accomplish this.   While most people agree that a civic education is important, few really know how to turn that into a positive populace.   Even those civic duties that are extremely well-understood are severely underutilized.   In this fast-paced society, people just don’t want to take the time.For example, one civic duty that is actually the source of much bloodshed around the world right now is voting.   While the recent presidential elections have been more exciting than most, the average percentage of people voting during non-Presidential election years in my state is between 12 and 18%.   These people all know that they are allow ed, even compelled, to vote, but still more than four-fifths of the state does not do so.   These numbers are similar for most states, especially among young people.   How do we convince these people to vote?   They have to know that their individual vote matters.   Most people do not really believe that.Next, another civic duty that I have had more than my fair share of is jury duty.   Jury duty is a disruptive irritation to most people.   Unless a juror is lucky (or unlucky) enough to be placed on the O.J. or Paris Hilton trial, most cases are dull and boring.   At my most recent summons, I watched as one person after another attempted to weasel out of doing the duty.   In fact, over a third of the jury pool did not show up.The bailiff assured those of us remaining that they would be subpoenaed to the judge, but few of us believed it.   The running joke is that the only members of a jury are those too stupid to get out of jury duty.   If this is the case, peopl e seem to be actively seeking ways to avoid self-government.   To make matters worse, I got a parking ticket for parking where I was told to park.   It seems that the government is actually repelling people from becoming active citizens.Unfortunately, many people will still gripe and groan.   Perhaps the best civic education would be to teach silence to those who don’t intend to participate.   Those who do participate can then assemble and appeal all they want to.   Unfortunately, it seems that only the most extreme groups have the motivation to organize pickets, sit-ins and the like.   The rest of the citizens are just too busy.   What about writing letters to the governor or congressmen?   Well, America has seen enough shows like West Wing to know that those letters barely make it to a third of fourth string aide.   If we are to be self-governing, we must be certain that our government will listen.Ketcham makes a valid argument that people should all be in troduced to a general civics course at some point during their education.   Certainly every citizen should be well versed in what it takes to be a civic-minded individual.   However, he seems at a loss about how to go from the esoteric and ideal concept of a self-governing populace to the pragmatics of actually making that happen.   If this push toward the more civic-minded citizen is to happen, the obstacles that the government and individuals have created will have to be identified, addressed, and overcome.

The Pretender By F. Sionil Jose

The Pretender By F. Sionil Jose The Pretender by F. Sionil Jose Summary Antonio Samson had just returned from the United States after finishing his doctorate studies. He visited his father in prison and told his father that he will soon be married to Carmen Villa, a member of an affluent family in Manila whom he met in the United States.Carmen's mother did not like Tony because he is poor while her father likes him because he will be good for business. Anyways, the marriage was secretly held far earlier then planned because Carmen was already pregnant. Tony was an educator at the University until he quit after a dispute with Dean Lopez, the head of the University and the one who helped him get a scholarship to study abroad. Unemployed, Tony accepted the job Don Manuel previously offered him. Now begins the morphing of Tony. A large salary, air-conditioned office, easy work, and meeting with influential people, Tony was surely becoming different.English: Photo of Tony Sagami

White Surname Meaning and Origin

White Surname Meaning and Origin The White last name has several different possible origins: White is usually a descriptive name or nickname given to a person with very light hair or complexion, from the Middle English whit, meaning white.The last name White may be also local, derived from the Isle of Wight, on the coast of Hampshire, England.In addition, some Whites originally were Wights, from the Anglo-Saxon wiht, meaning valiant. White is the 16th most common surname in England, the 20th most common last name in America, and the 10th most popular name in Australia. Surname Origin:Â  English, Scottish, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:Â  WHYTE, WHIET, WIGHT, WHYTTE Fun Facts About the Last Name Albus is the Latin form of the White surname. Famous People With the Surname Governor John White - governor of the failed Roanoke ColonyReggie White - NFL football legend, Pro Football Hall of FameEdward Higgins White II - American astronaut; died 1967 in the Apollo 204 fire at Cape Kennedy, FloridaStanford White - American architect Genealogy Resources for the Surname White Surname DNA ProjectThe goal of the the White surname project is to distinguish between White ancestral lines worldwide. White Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the White surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own White query. There is also a separate forum for the WHYTE variation of the White surname. Source: Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Fire-fighters - DOD and Civilian Certified Essay

Fire-fighters - DOD and Civilian Certified - Essay Example Fire fighters help protect against these dangers by being the first emergency personnel at the scene of a fire, traffic accident, hazardous material spills, medical emergency and other emergency incidents. They also provide leadership and support services for natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods (CDF). For a person to join and make a career in this work there are two avenues available, one through the Department of Defense (DOD) and the second through the civilian colleges that offer specialized courses in fire fighting. This paper explores the features of the two alternatives to compare and analyze the differences. Any person joining the defense services may opt to be a member of the firefighting arm of the army, navy, air force or the Marine Corps. According to the Department of Defense Fire and Emergency Services Certification Program (1995), the purpose of providing training in firefighting is to enhance the training process, improve performance, and strengthen the professionalism of all the Department of Defense Fire and Emergency Services personnel. The program measures the competence of the Department of Defense (DOD) Fire and Emergency Services personnel and provides a quality control element for the training process. ... This program meets the NFPA Professional Qualifications Standards outlined in the 1000 series standards. To be eligible to this training, the following conditions must be met: 1. Military and civilian Department of Defense (DOD) Fire and Emergency Services personnel, including civilian contractors, who have successfully passed the written and performance evaluations are eligible for certification 2. Eligibility for an individual to be administered the written and performance evaluations are based upon completion of a study program. The study program can consist of formal classroom instruction, formal schools, self-study, or a combination of these programs 3. The study program will not be used to render invalid any rank, qualification, certification, or appointment acquired before the implementation of this program 4. Training should be delivered in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible, including the increased use of distant learning technologies (Department of Defense Fire and Emergency Services Certification Program, 1995). According to the Department of Defense (DOD) Fire and Emergency Services Certification Program (1995), a person who enrolled at the Department of Defense Firefighter College Program will receive the certificate of completion in four months time. This is the highest level of fire service certification. Up until June, 1998, participation in the Certification Program was a "condition of employment" per DODI 6055.6 (DOD Fire and Emergency Services Program, 1994). As such, a fire fighter only had to be working toward certification to be "participating" and, as a "condition of employment", the program was fully negotiable at the local level (The Department of Defense Fire and

Essay on Down Syndrome Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On Down Syndrome - Essay Example The intellectual disability causes an individual to lag behind in his development of communication skills, social abilities and even his ability to take care of his own self in a proper manner. Teaching and support services for the individuals with intellectual disabilities is designed in a completely different manner and is targeted to meet their learning and problem solving requirements. Creative and interactive teaching ideas should be implemented in order to obtain maximum results. Visual, audio and interactive lesson methods should be applied and the difficult ideas and problems should be made comprehensive for the learners. American Association of Intellectual and Development Disabilities are directed towards support services and development support for such individuals (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints 2012). Fig 1: An image of a Down Syndrome Child accompanied by teaching services personnel (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints 2012). Down syndrome i s defined as a condition caused by a genetic defect which results in both physical and intellectual limitations in the affected individual. The normal number of chromosomes in an individual is 46 but in a Down syndrome individual the chromosome number is 47 instead (National Association for Down Syndrome 2012). It is considered as one of the most common syndromes present at birth called as congenital syndromes. One in every 700 births is estimated to be a child with Down syndrome. It has been observed that the possibility of developing Down syndrome increases as the maternal age increases at the time of conception. After the age of 35, the risk of Down syndrome in the child increase by many folds (Selikowitz 2008). The prevalence of Down syndrome in United States was estimated to be one in every 733 births by Centers of Disease Control and Prevention in the year 2010. Around 60,000 cases are diagnosed with Down syndrome annually (National Down Syndrome Society 2012). According to a study in the year 2007 carried out among 63000 babies in UAE, an approximate incidence of one Down syndrome case for every 449 new born babies was estimated. The study also highlighted the maternal age risk factor and showed that around 41 % of the UAE mothers had crossed the age of 35. This also showed that maternal age is a major etiological factor (Shaheen 2012). Fig 2: A representation of prevalence of Down Syndrome in the years 1979 – 2003 per 10,000 live births in United State (CDC.gov. 2011). Down syndrome presents in the individuals with a large range of variations in its characteristics and features. As discussed earlier, it is a chromosomal defect; hence every cell of the body’s each system is defective. Hence almost every system manifests with problems and pathologies. Around 120 different features for this syndrome have been described up till now but some children might manifest with only six or seven characteristic features. The characteristic features des cribing Down syndrome are visible in eyes, head and face. A Down syndrome individual has round face with a flat side profile, with brachycephaly (Flattened back of head). The eyes are slanted, small epicanthic folds which might give a false manifestation of squint or strabismus and the iris might show whitish spots called Brushfield spots. The neck of the young child has greater fat content at the back which is diminished with age and an adult individual will have a broader and smaller neck. Hands are shorter with usually

Media Buying Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Buying - Assignment Example 2. The outside back cover is outside back page of any magazine which is seen by everyone. It is also considered the best exposure just next to the cover page. The rate for outside back cover (1 * rate) in Canadian Geographic is $ 22,470. 4. BBM provides video call facility, receive and send messages with unlimited length, real time confirmation facilities when messages are being delivered, written and read. It can also send files, documents, music, and videos up to 16 MB. 5. Three time categories for television advertising are: Morning drive time which is from 6 A.M. to 10 A.M., Midday which is from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M. and afternoon and evening time which is from 3 P.M. to midnight. 6. The full form of GRP is Gross Rating Point. It measures total rating points during a advertising campaign. A rating point can be defined as one percent of the targeted and potential audience. Calculation of GRP is: Actual reach * Frequency = GRP. 7. Day part is a method through which division of time for radio or television advertisement can be done in a fair and standardized way. Outline of a possible day part classification is as follows: Morning drives (6-10 A.M.), Daytime (10 A.M. to 3 P.M.), Afternoon drive (3 P.M. to 7 P.M.), Night time (7 P.M. to 12 A.M.) and Overnight time (12 A.M. to 6 A.M.). 8. Three basic steps which are involved in buying direct mail are choosing the right list; make the right offer and distribution. At first target list should be identified and then define the order after selecting the proper format and at last but not the least track the result of the buying procedure through the direct mail. Ad size will be 4 columns wide and 6 column inches deep. Ads will be black and white and frequency 2 ads per week [Tuesday and Friday]. Continuity will be 6 weeks. After considering all these criteria the cost will be: $ 6.267 * 2 * 8 = $ 100.27 (Times

American Airlines Flight Essay Example for Free

American Airlines Flight Essay Through his 1997 Airframe novel, Michael Crichton describes Casey Singleton’s response after a plane that was manufactured by Norton Aircraft experiences an accident while in flight. Singleton is a quality assurance officer at Norton Aircraft. Does the story accurately portray an aircraft manufacturer’s response to an accident? By demonstrating that following the accident, Norton Aircraft works hard to ensure that it (Norton Aircraft) does not only ascertain the genesis of the accident, but also to try to exonerate itself from any culpability, Crichton presents an accurate picture of aircraft manufacturers’ reaction to plane accidents. To illustrate, Singleton puts forth great efforts to investigate the facts behind the accident (Crichton, 1996). It is notable that a Singleton is not interested in the numerous aspects that usually surround pane mishaps. Rather, she seeks to establish who erred with regard to the accident. This is the typical reaction of aircraft manufacturers after plane accidents; they seek to apportion blame rather than solve the problem. Does the story accurately portray the media’s response to an aircraft accident? Crichton also presents a credible description of how the news-hungry media usually responds after plane accidents. It is undisputable that media houses jostle to present that so-called ‘exclusive’ story to the public after air accidents. This trend is clearly exhibited by the plans by a local media house to air a sensational news program that has somewhat maliciously dubbed the ill-fated plane a ‘deathtrap’. The author thus describes and critiques the sensational attitude that the media shows towards plane accidents. What was your overall impression of the story? After studying Crichton’s story, I was pleased with the author’s description of events that closely resemble real-life aviation accidents. For example, in describing the circumstances as well as the cause of the accident, Crichton draws parallels with the American Airlines Flight 191 fatal crash. In addition, Singleton’s investigations reveal that the accident was partly caused by the captain’s error of allowing his inexperienced son to take charge of the aircraft. Similarly, the Aeroflot flight 593 mishap in 1994 originated from the pilot’s mistake of permitting his inexperienced son to man the flight. Discerning such parallels to real-life events makes me to like the novel owing to its seeming applicability in contemporary mishaps. On the other hand, after closely examining Crichton’s plot, I have deduced several themes which make the author’s text very significant. For example, the author describes events that seek to show that air accidents are usually blamed on the wrong parties. In this case, John Marder and his associates try to place the blame for the accident squarely on Singleton. After her investigations, Singleton however detects that the fault was in the person who was operating the aircraft, particularity the pilot. The author thus demonstrates that innocent and vulnerable parties usually unjustly carry the blame for plane accidents. This candid portrayal of the blame games that accompany plane accidents is an aspect that makes the author’s work worthy of praise. In addition, I marveled at Crichton’s demonstration that humans, as opposed to mechanical failures, are the main cause of plane accidents. The author thus eradicates the popular notion that machine failure is normally the major culprit behind plane accidents. To illustrate, the aircraft is functional as per Singleton’s investigations. Human error, in form of improper maintenance coupled with operational errors; make the plane to have the accident. Crichton thus debunks a popular myth related to aircraft accidents through the novel’s events. This aspect makes me to really like the author’s bluntness and originality. References Crichton, M. (1996). Airframe. New York: Knopf.

Stigmatization Of People With Schizophrenia Social Work Essay

Stigmatization Of People With Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Schizophrenia is a mental illness with symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behaviour, and inappropriate emotions (Barlow Durand, 2009). These symptoms would distort an individuals living to a certain extent. For example, the irrational thoughts may result in communication problems. In fact, not only do the symptoms of schizophrenia affect an individual, stigmatization of people with schizophrenia also has profound effects on those people with schizophrenia. Stigma is the general negative attitudes towards a certain group of people (Schneider, 2004). Many scholars suggested that people with schizophrenia are highly stigmatized (Chang Johnson, 2008; Gingerich Mueser, 2006; Prior, 2004). They are generally described as depressed, unpredictable, violent, dangerous and aggressive (Chang Johnson, 2008; Schneider, 2004). Although these may be true for some cases, it is believed that there is overgeneralization of the situation. The situation would also be worsened by the media (Chang Johnson, 2006), which sometimes connect schizophrenia to violent acts. For example, a person with schizophrenia would be more likely to be a murder. These negative views would trigger discrimination on people with schizophrenia. Schneider (2004) suggested the labeling theory to explain why people with mental illness behave in the way that the general public describes as dangerous and violent. He explained that they act as dangerous and violent just because they are stigmatized and play out their assigned roles. Therefore, it can be seen that they may actually be socialized to behave in those ways instead of behaving naturally. It should be noted that people are not only stigmatized while they are suffering from schizophrenia. A research was done by Cheung and Wong (2004) with 193 people in Hong Kong on the perception of stigmatization on people with mental illness. The result shows that the majority agrees with the fact that most people believe that someone with a previous mental illness is untrustworthy and dangerous. Schizophrenia, being one of the mental illnesses, is of no exception. The implication of this research is that stigmatization on people with schizophrenia is a life-long issue, from the onset of the disorder until the end of ones life. Gingerich and Mueser (2006) suggested that stigma on people with schizophrenia may make others feel fear of and avoid interacting with those people. This fear and avoidance would in turn reduce the interaction between people with schizophrenia and the public and there would be less opportunity to change the stigmatizing beliefs (Gingerich and Mueser, 2006). Holmes and River (1998) introduced the concept of social stigma and self-stigma. The aforementioned are social stigma as the general public stigmatizes those with schizophrenia. Chang and Johnson (2008) suggested that there are social messages delivered in the stigma which may lead to self-stigmatization of an individual. This further stigmatization would cause even more negative effects on oneself. Effect of stigmatization on people with schizophrenia As suggested by Tsang, Tam, Chan and Cheung (2009), stigmatization prohibits mentally ill people from recovery. Regarding situations in Hong Kong, Tsang et al. (2009) found from a survey that 80% of respondents thought social stigma has negative consequences towards mentally ill people. Compared with the high percentage, much less respondents considered social stigmatization unacceptable. Which means quite a number of people tolerate or accept stigmatization even though they know the impact brought. Other figures found by Tsang et al. (2009) also revealed the severeness of stigmatization in Hong Kong. For example, one fourth of respondents are hesitate to accept people with mental illness and about 30% of respondents oppose mentally ill elderly into elderly home. These thoughts and stigmatizations contribute to the effects brought by schizophrenia and make it more serious in Hong Kong. There is no doubt that stigmatization poses negative consequences on people with schizophrenia throughout their life. Chan, Mak and Law (2009) confirmed the point above after reviewing a lot of literatures. Firstly, it imposes constraints in daily living on those with schizophrenia. Moreover, it may lead to lower self-esteem, reduced life satisfaction and social adaptation. It also hinders help-seeking behavior. Apart from the above impacts, Corrigan (1998) also suggested that stigmatization would lead to discrimination, followed by loss of social opportunities as members of society withhold the chances related to work or income. Thus lead to poor quality of life. It should be noted that the psychological, social and biological aspects cause the negative consequences and they are interrelated. Socially, negative attitudes towards people with schizophrenia inhibit the employment opportunities (Corrigan, 1998). The claim is also supported by the finding by the Equal Opportunities Commission (1997) in Hong Kong. It stated that the mentally ill peoples employment rate is low (around 30%). The unemployment problems may trigger a lot of other problems. It is obvious that unemployment causes financial problems. It also places burden on clients relatives. Moreover, as stated by Mowbray, Bybee, Harris and McCrohan (1995), employment offers opportunities for social interaction, builds self-esteem and identity, and is the best predictor of recovery and social integration. However, without a job, there may be disappointment and self-blame of being a burden to the family or being incapable to earn a living. The psychological aspect of the people is thus af fected and may reduce life satisfaction. Tsang et al. (2003) also suggested that stigmatization not only affect the individual but also his family or social network. An example illustrated is that a large number of people would change seats in public transport when sitting next to people who appear to have mental illness. When going out with the mentally ill people, their relatives or families would feel embarrassed. Thus their emotions are also affected. And because of the stigmatization of experiences that irritate the mentally ill people, they may isolate themselves. The family is also likely to conceal their illness because they feel ashamed of the schizophrenic people. This is particularly true in Hong Kong as Chinese stresses the importance of collective representation of families (Tsang et al., 2003). This further prohibits the individual from interacting with other people. Because of the isolation, the individual is not quite possible to seek help from other. Without social support and social resources, the schizoph renic people are hard to adapt to the environment. This forms a vicious circle and the situation may become worse. Biological aspects may also increase the seriousness of stigmatization. Age of onset of mental illness may be an important factor. If a person is mentally ill since he/she was young, his/ her social network would narrow down as there may be discrimination and isolation. Thus the support is limited. Moreover, if the person suffers from schizophrenia during college or secondary school, his/her education is not competitive enough in Hong Kong as there are more and more students receiving tertiary education (Census Department, 2005). With the mental illness and lower than average academic achievement, they face a lot more difficulties in employment. Interventions It can be seen that stigmatization causes many negative effects on people with schizophrenia. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the stigma on them. However, there should be some consideration when intervening in the situation. Chiu, Chui, Kelinman, Lee and Tsang (2006) pointed out that those interventions which focus on changing public attitude towards schizophrenia are actually isolating those stigmatized to be a group that deserves special treatments. This in turn reinforces the stigmatization. Chiu et al. (2006) also stressed that there may be the possibility of making those stigmatized more aware of the fact that they are being stigmatized. They may become hopeless about changing the current situation and just conform to the stigmatization. Hong Kong has actually taken some actions to intervene in the stigmatization on people with schizophrenia. However, it seems that the actions taken are not quite effective in reducing the stigma. For example, psychiatrists changed the Chinese term for schizophrenia from splitting of the mind to perceptual disorder (Chiu et al., 2006, p. 1694). However, Chiu et al. argued that the new term was re-stigmatized quickly after a short period of time. Besides changing the name, there have been anti-stigma programmes which promote a sense that schizophrenia is an illness like any other (Davies, Haslam, Read Sayce, 2006). Davies et al. (2006) pointed out that these programmes failed to reduce the stigma as they deliver the message that individuals cannot control themselves when they are suffering from schizophrenia. This makes the public feel that those with schizophrenia become even more unpredictable and thus increasing the stigma. As it has been mentioned, stigma on people with schizophrenia can be divided as social stigma and self-stigma. Therefore, interventions at both community and individual level are needed to reduce the stigma on people with schizophrenia. For the community level, Gingerich and Mueser (2006) suggested letting people understand more about the situation instead of changing how they think about the situation directly. One common but effective way is education (Gingerich Mueser, 2006). Education allows people to develop a better understanding on schizophrenia, for example, the cause, effects and treatments. They may be able to view psychiatric symptoms as understandable psychological or emotional reactions to life events, thus reducing the fear on people with schizophrenia (Davies et al., 2006). A research done by Chan et al. (2009) discovered that it is more effective in reducing stigma on schizophrenia if there is a lecture about schizophrenia followed by a video show which includes real cases of schizophrenia. They explained the effectiveness of the education-video model as allowing participants to get enough information and background before having deeper processing of the video. It is suggested that there was little or no organized advocacy by psychiatric patients to strive for their own interest (Chiu et al., 2006), like legislation and resource allocation on people with schizophrenia. Besides, it is suggested that poor treatment of schizophrenia may intensify the stigmatization of schizophrenia (Prior, 2004) because people may over-generalize those small group who are poorly treated and have adverse symptoms as the majority of people with schizophrenia. Advocating for the improvement of services for people with schizophrenia can thus help to reduce stigma by allowing better recovery. Besides, services like employment assistance can help integrate them in society and allow them to develop a social network (Prior, 2004). For individual level, treatments like medication, psychosocial education (Chang Johnson, 2008). In addition, family cares and supports are important to reduce stigma on an individual with schizophrenia (Chang Johnson, 2008; Gingerich Mueser, 2006) as it is the first system that the individual would situate. If the family is a supportive one, it is more likely that the individual would be less self-stigmatized. In conclusion, stigmatization poses great impacts on individuals with schizophrenia and their families. These impacts included reduced life satisfaction and social adaptation. Unemployment is also an important factor that affects social and psychological functioning of people with schizophrenia. On the other hand, interventions should not focus on changing publics attitude towards people with schizophrenia. Instead, it should focus on letting people understand more about schizophrenia and providing supports to people with schizophrenia. In the community level, there can be education and advocacy. In the individual level, there can be medication, psychosocial education and family support.

The Yellow Wall-Paper -- Literary Analysis, Gilman

In the â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper,† the author, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, writes about a struggling mentally ill woman, named Jane, trying to work through her individuality and her own depression. This story is centered around her bedroom, her mental state, and the yellow wall-paper on the walls in her room. The reader can easily feel the pain, anguish, despair, and struggles of a woman going through a depressive state. Gilman writes about the individual succession of the woman’s mental state through the disarray of the patterned yellow wall-paper. The theme of feminism is exposed by the main characters use of language, her feelings of inferiority, mental struggles, and anger. The language of the narrator in this story is repressive to women, from the beginning and all the way to the end of the story. In the beginning of the story, the language of the narrator appears in a few ways. The ill woman is forbidden by her husband to write in her journal until she is well, to compensate for the loss of work. She feels constricted by her husband to speak freely and writes in a hidden journal. Gilman writes â€Å"I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind† (808). Sad and true, but she doesn’t feel that she can tell her husband how she really feels and â€Å"the only safe language is dead language† (Theichler 61). The language of male judgment and control is predominant in the beginning of the story too. Her husband and brother both are physicians, diagnose her with a nervous condition, and both believe she will be fine with medicine and rest. The men in her life believe she should no t work, and they emphasize that she â€Å"take phosphates or phosphites--whichever it is--and tonics, and journeys,... ...the wall-paper torn from the wall, and he finds the woman creeping about the room, and faints. The narrator declares, â€Å"I’ve got out at last,† said I, â€Å"in spite of you and Jane! And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back† (Gilman 819). The narrator finally wins the battle of escaping her imprisonment of John the controlling husband. Jane is finally free of her depression and of her husband’s dominance. It temporarily cost her, her sanity to the point where images were being projected from the yellow wall-paper. The paper was a part of Jane’s neurosis, but also crept into the entire household. In order to cope with the madness Jane found her inner self is an image of a creeping woman trying to escape the patterned wall-paper. In order to escape her suppression, Jane immersed herself further into her insanity to become sane once again. The Yellow Wall-Paper -- Literary Analysis, Gilman In the â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper,† the author, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, writes about a struggling mentally ill woman, named Jane, trying to work through her individuality and her own depression. This story is centered around her bedroom, her mental state, and the yellow wall-paper on the walls in her room. The reader can easily feel the pain, anguish, despair, and struggles of a woman going through a depressive state. Gilman writes about the individual succession of the woman’s mental state through the disarray of the patterned yellow wall-paper. The theme of feminism is exposed by the main characters use of language, her feelings of inferiority, mental struggles, and anger. The language of the narrator in this story is repressive to women, from the beginning and all the way to the end of the story. In the beginning of the story, the language of the narrator appears in a few ways. The ill woman is forbidden by her husband to write in her journal until she is well, to compensate for the loss of work. She feels constricted by her husband to speak freely and writes in a hidden journal. Gilman writes â€Å"I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind† (808). Sad and true, but she doesn’t feel that she can tell her husband how she really feels and â€Å"the only safe language is dead language† (Theichler 61). The language of male judgment and control is predominant in the beginning of the story too. Her husband and brother both are physicians, diagnose her with a nervous condition, and both believe she will be fine with medicine and rest. The men in her life believe she should no t work, and they emphasize that she â€Å"take phosphates or phosphites--whichever it is--and tonics, and journeys,... ...the wall-paper torn from the wall, and he finds the woman creeping about the room, and faints. The narrator declares, â€Å"I’ve got out at last,† said I, â€Å"in spite of you and Jane! And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back† (Gilman 819). The narrator finally wins the battle of escaping her imprisonment of John the controlling husband. Jane is finally free of her depression and of her husband’s dominance. It temporarily cost her, her sanity to the point where images were being projected from the yellow wall-paper. The paper was a part of Jane’s neurosis, but also crept into the entire household. In order to cope with the madness Jane found her inner self is an image of a creeping woman trying to escape the patterned wall-paper. In order to escape her suppression, Jane immersed herself further into her insanity to become sane once again.

Product Selection Paper

Some of the pros of adding additional departments to the NACA organization would be exposing the company on a national level and empowering lower income clients in the mortgage and business processes. The pros of having an advertising department will enable us to bring in customers that may not be aware of the extensive services our company provides. By making our website more appealing it will draw people in to want to know more about what we have to offer the consumer. We can also concentrate on commercials and billboards that will further echo our message of hope and prosperity to those who have been overlooked by mainstream mortgage companies. By implementing a department that will focus on helping minorities start their own businesses will also help rehabilitate impoverished neighborhoods. Building up low income neighborhoods not only helps the owner’s of the businesses, but it changes the perception of the area and the people in that area. The cons that come along with adding these two departments will be the cost involved. Anytime a company wants to expand its client base there is a good chance that it means spending more money. Advertising can be very expensive, but the money is worth it if your clientele increases. An increase in clientele means an increase in revenue for the company. As far as the loans for businesses are concerned that too will eventually be a profit for the company. The more loans that are acquired for future business ventures will be a positive for the company. A company that is involved in acquiring real estate is in a good position financially. As with any new venture it takes time to reap the rewards of new ideas and departments. If we continue to provide the services we have to our customers and make dreams of homeownership and entrepreneurship come true we will be innovative leaders in the mortgage industry.

Dells Value Chain Essays

Dells Value Chain Essays Dells Value Chain Paper Dells Value Chain Paper Dell’s Value Chain 1. How has Dell used its direct sales and build-to-order model to develop an exceptional supply chain? Dell has used its direct sales and build-to-order model to develop an exceptional supply chain by taking customer feedback very seriously. Dell uses the feedback to further evaluate and when necessary, implement change to improve their supply chain. The company maintains close-knit relationships with customers, and maintains very close, professional relations with their suppliers. Dell collects a larger amount of customer information than is the industry norm. This also works to the companys advantage. The close-knit relationships with customers that Dell maintains allow the company to determine what products must be supplied, and how quickly they must be supplied. By doing so, Dell is able to maintain a continuously low level of inventory, while ensuring that customer demand is adequately satisfied. Dell also has used a different approach than the norm in their supply chain management. Dells strategy is to integrate every single process, from the very beginning, to the very end, without any other interference. Through strategic planning, Dell discovers exactly what it is that customers want. With the information, further research and development is implemented by the company. The company then begins strategically marketing the highest target groups for their products, before product release. Information is then automatically released to suppliers, who can in-turn develop demand projections for the marketed Dell products. This entire system is accomplished in a relatively short span of time, which adds to the exceptional supply chain in force at Dell. 2. How has Dell exploited the direct sales model to improve operations performance? The main way that Dell has exploited the direct sales model to improve operations performance is by establishing an e-commerce model accomplished directly through the Internet. By utilizing the e-commerce model, it allows Dell to bring their products directly to the consumer in a very short time span. Consumers can order their products directly from Dells website, with delivery expected in a matter of a few days. Furthermore, customers can hand-design their own Dell computer system with a handful of mouse clicks. By making this possible to the consumer, the consumer gets exactly the product that they want, designed and loaded with the exact requirements specific to each individual consumer. This allows Dell to maintain very low levels of inventory. The e-commerce model allows Dell to attract thousands of businesses, which encourages bulk ordering of Dells products. Through the e-commerce strategy, Dell also has customized supplier information. Dells suppliers can log-on to view immediate information regarding the current and waiting orders that Dell has, which allows the suppliers to know the exact supply needs of the company, at any given moment. 3. What are the main disadvantages of Dells direct sales model? The main disadvantage of Dells direct sales model is the high cost of shipping Dell products. The computers are shipped directly from the Dell factories, to consumers and businesses worldwide. Because no intermediary is used, the company cannot take advantage of any form of economies of scale, by shipping quantities of products to various destinations. Another main disadvantage is that because Dell handles the transaction from the very beginning to the very end with no other direct company involvement, Dell must also handle all aspects of the transaction, including providing all customer support from beginning to end. Dell must assume all costs that would normally be handled by a retailer or other intermediary, who ships bulk orders to stores for retail. Due to these reasons, Dell experiences an advantage in increased sales from the e-commerce model, but is at a disadvantage by having to bear the full amount of all support related expenses. 4. How does Dell compete with a retailer who already has a stock? Dell competes with a retailer who already has a stock by higher profit margins. The greatest advantage Dell experiences are the direct elimination of all retail and distribution costs for their products. Because Dell does not have to operate multiple locations, warehouses, etc, they can offer their products at lower prices, which attract even more consumers. Dell does not have the same high fixed expenses that their competitors have, who operate multiple factory locations. Dell also competes with retailers who already have a stock by doing just the opposite not carrying a stock. When a consumer wants a particular model of computer, the retailer must have the item in stock. When a customer shops at Dell, the customer designs exactly what they want. A customer can design a very basic, bare-bones model, or a model that includes almost limitless options. The computer is then built in a matter of hours. The customer has his or her own, custom-designed system in a matter of a few days. There is no waiting for out-of-stock products, and Dell holds minimal inventory by utilizing such a well-designed system. 5. How does Dells supply chain deal with the bullwhip effect? The Bullwhip Effect in itself is a situation whereby the variation in orders is heightened as it gradually moves up the supply chain through a specific process. The process moves from consumer to distribution, and then moves to suppliers. To deal with the Bullwhip Effect, Dell is open with sharing knowledge with their suppliers. They hold long-term, intimate relationships with their suppliers, who in-turn can cater to the very specific needs of Dell. Dell also deals with the Bullwhip Effect by keeping constant, vigil watch on demand for their products. Carefully planned management is vital in Dell figuring out the exact demand at any given moment. Dell has accomplished this by constructing web pages for their suppliers to log on to, to give the supplier immediate knowledge regarding current demand (orders). The suppliers then immediately know what the demand is for the components that they supply to Dell for their systems. Suppliers can also see from the web pages how much stock Dell has on-hand of the supplied components at any given moment, giving the suppliers an advantage so as to know what immediate steps need to be taken based on current demand levels. By using such a real-time process, there is no build-up, nor any stagnation of supplies or components, from Dell suppliers. Dells use of this system has virtually eliminated the Bullwhip Effect.